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hello everyone my name is anna i'm a

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master student in oceanography from

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university of sao paulo in brazil

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and i appreciate the opportunity to talk

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here in epigratical

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2021. today i'm going to be talking

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about the chemosynthetic production

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in extreme temperature gradients from

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deception

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island antarctica and its implications

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for the limits of life

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the chemosynthesis is the process where

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organisms obtain the energy within the

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synthesis

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of organic compounds from chemical

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sources

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to redux reactions and not from the

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usual sunlight radiation

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it is a process that can be dominant in

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existence with

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a larger input of reduced compounds

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used as electron donors as the

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hydrothermal vents

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are called sips chemosynthetic organisms

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can be

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highly diverse in metabolisms phylogeny

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or optics which made a lot of

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chemosynthetic

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microorganisms to be also stromophiles

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living in harsh environmental conditions

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the deception island located in

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antarctica peninsula

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is one of these extremophiles

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environments

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in a unique aptitude on earth it is

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formed by

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avakinkiko that collapse

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with the ocean invading the conduit

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therefore an active doctrinal point with

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marine influence

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there are achievement roles reaching

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values of

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100 degrees celsius whereas

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around 60 of the island is covered by

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the interaction between ice ocean and

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volcanic activity creates pronounced

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temperature and biochemical gradients in

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a small distance

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favoring the growth of metabolically

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diverse

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stromophilic microorganisms and allowing

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all temperature

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adaptated microorganisms as

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epitomophiles

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thermophiles mesophiles and sucrofiles

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coexisting and possible interacting

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in the same environment

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all these characteristics make deception

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a possible analogy of outer earth

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environments

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not for the environment itself but

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whether for them parameters

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that can be limiting for life as well as

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chemism chemosynthetic production in a

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planetary context

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for example they create volcanoes in

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enceladus or

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the extinct volcanoes in mars

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the main goal of this study was to

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understand the limits for life

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and for chromosomatic production in one

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of these parameters in this case the

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so the samples were collected in 2018

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austral summer during the 27th brazilian

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antarctic

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expedition in the scope of microsphere

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project

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we collect sediment samples in

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republicans

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from two geothermal sites on deception

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island

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in part keeping in seoul call it wallers

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bay

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as you can see on this map in each one

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of these geothermal sites

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it was defined at a transect containing

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one for a glacier here represented by

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the blue

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collar and two for

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uh from former roles the yellow

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and red ones the female samples of

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waters bay reached 60 and 53 degrees

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celsius

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and from other samples of formula bay

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were hotter reaching 97

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and 98 degrees celsius

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the glacier point in both locals are

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reaching

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around zero degrees celsius

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the depth of the sediment recover was

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approximately

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five centimeters and the distance

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between from rows

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and glasses at each side were

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approximately

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after the sampling we performed in situ

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simulated dark carbon fixation

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incubations

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with c14 sodium recarbonated

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for a period of 36 hours in 3

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temperatures 4 60

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90 degrees after the incubation period

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the samples were exposed to hydrochloric

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acid to

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remove the remaining carbon and then

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they were transferred to values with

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stimulation cocktail and left in the

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dark for

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12 hours before the reading calcine

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through

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liquid scintillator by 30 minutes

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the results given in these integrations

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per minute

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were converted into production rates of

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as a result we observed that the dcf

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rates varied

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from 0.07

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to 0.69 microgram

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of carbon by cubic meter by hour in

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wallers bay

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and from 0.12 to 1.79

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in formula b so the highest

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dcf values were found in formal bay

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where our localized the whole dish from

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roads

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which display high hydrogenous sulfur

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emissions

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when we look at the average of chemical

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touch production

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we got some interesting results in this

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graph

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the colors represent the temperatures of

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incubation

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so blue is 4 degrees celsius

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the yellow is 60 and the red is 90.

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and we found 0.27

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of chemosynthetic production

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in a glacier sample for from wallers bay

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when incubated and 90 degrees

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conversely we found um

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[Music]

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0.16 of chemosynthetic production rate

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in formula sample from formula bay

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we also found that the glycerin sample

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from waters bay

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from a glacier present more chemistry

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production

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when incubated at six degrees celsius

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then when incubated at four degrees

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celsius

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the stranger high temperature production

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in

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wbc could be due a process

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of dispersing of the microbial cells in

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the environment

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allowing the presence of microbes

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adapted for a hotter temperature

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in this sample as i mentioned before

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the high-skill synthetic production

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rates

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do a pre at formula

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but more specifically we observe such

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rates

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in the sample recovery from the glacier

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sediments

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when incubated at four degrees celsius

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so uh the environment of a polar volcano

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also favors the eclipse attached

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reduction

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from microbes living in the ice and snow

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which shows the huge importance of this

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ecosystem

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not only for the microbial communities

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living near

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the source of reduced compounds

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but also for that one's more distant

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unfortunately the dark carbon fixation

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analysis gives us the information about

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the process

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of chemosynthesis and not about the

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taxonomy of microbial communities

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present in the samples

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so to better understand the why

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we found the skin with synthetic grades

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more analysis is necessary

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and this will be the future steps of

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this project

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and we also performed a statistical

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analysis in the data

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uh an anova between the temperatures

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of incubation and that detached between

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female versus glaciers

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that is the environment and the t-test

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between this sample's location

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for marijuana bay versus waters bay

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considering

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a significant difference a few value

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less than

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0.05 with this

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we noticed that there were no

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significant difference between

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the environment and nor in the

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incubation temperature

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however we do observe a significant

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difference

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when compared to the sample's location

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from our bay

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versus wallersby this could be due to

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the

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presence of hottest females in from

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earlier bay

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they give the local more chemistry

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production rates

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as we had already seen before and also

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the

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temperature of incubation

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we're not significant parameters for the

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chemosynthesis

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therefore we conclude that extremely low

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and high temperatures were non-limiting

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factors for the

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chemostatic production furthermore the

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geochemistry of a volcanic polar

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environment selects

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active chemistry type communities and

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both morals and glycostatements

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and besides that the dark harbor

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fixation

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analysis could be a simple and novel

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tool for life detection on astrobiology

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research

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in the future we plan to perform the

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metagenomic

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and metatranscriptomic analysis to

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discover which microorganisms compose

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the microbial communities

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in each one of the samples and which

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of them are the actual responsible for

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the chemist

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chemosynthesis process that occurs here

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i would

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like to thank my collaborators and also

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thanks

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the microsphere project the antarctic

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brazilian program

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the university of sao paulo the

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oceanographic institute and the

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microsoft electron labs

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for all the support give to realize this